Hotspots from Top to Bottom: computational, experimental and machne learning approaces
Are hotspot hotter than ridges? Insight from seismic tomography and thermodynamics
For many decades the conventional wisdom has been that volcanic hotspots like Hawai,i’ are fed by plume of buoyant, upwelling material coming from deep in the mantle. The prevailing thought is that the plumes were hotter than the surrounding mantle to provide them with the necessary buoyancy to rise actively.
The Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, including the current Hawaiian volcanoes, was created by the Hawaiian mantle plume. We discovered an oceanic plateau at ~810 km depth beneath eastern Russia. It was created by the Hawaiian mantle plume head during the initiation stage of the Hawaiian hot spot ~100 million years ago, and subducted into the Kamchatka Trench 20–30 million years ago.
HeFESTo: A tool for exploring Earth’s physical properties and their effects on mantle dynamics
Helmholtz Free Energy Self-consistent Thermodynamics